Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders

Phytochemicals are naturally occurring bioactive compounds found in edible fruits, plants, vegetables, and herbs. Unlike vitamins and minerals, phytochemicals are not needed for the maintenance of cell viability, but they play a vital role in protecting neural cells from inflammation and oxidative stress associated with normal aging and acute and chronic age-related brain diseases.Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders explores the advances in our understanding of the potential neuroprotective benefits that these naturally occurring chemicals contain.

Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders explores the role that a number of plant-based chemical compounds play in a wide variety of neurological disorders. Chapters explore the impact of phytochemicals on neurotraumatic disorders, such as stroke and spinal cord injury, alongside neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. The chapters and sections of this book provide the reader with a big picture view of this field of research.

Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders aims to present readers with a comprehensive and cutting edge look at the effects of phytochemicals on the brain and neurological disorders in a manner useful to researchers, neuroscientists, clinical nutritionists, and physicians.

Tahira Farooqui andAkhlaq A. Farooqui, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

Contributors xi

Preface xix

Acknowledgments xxiii

1 Use of Phytochemicals against Neuroinflammation 1
Wei-Yi Ong, Tahira Farooqui, Christabel Fung-Yih Ho, Yee-Kong Ng, and Akhlaq A. Farooqui

2 Flavonoids in Transgenic Alzheimers Disease Mouse Models: Current Insights and Future Perspectives 43
Angélica Maria Sabogal-Guáqueta, Edison Osorio, and Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez

3 Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols in Aging and Age-Related Neurological Disorders 65
Giulia Corona and David Vauzour

4 Indian Herbs and their Therapeutic Potential against Alzheimers Disease 79
Navrattan Kaur, Bibekananda Sarkar, Iqbal Gill, Sukhchain Kaur, Sunil Mittal, Monisha Dhiman, Prasad K. Padala, Regino Perez-Polo, and Anil K. Mantha

5 Garlic and its Effects in Neurological Disorders 113
Akhlaq A. Farooqui and Tahira Farooqui

6 Effects of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil in Neurological Disorders 133
Akhlaq A. Farooqui and Tahira Farooqui

7 Ginger Components as Anti-Alzheimer Drugs: Focus on Drug Design 149
Faizul Azam

8 Phytomedicine: A Possible Tool for Alzheimers Disease Therapeutics 167
Jai Malik

9 Effects of Phytochemicals on Diabetic Retinoneuropathy 199
Mohammad Shamsul Ola, Mohd Imtiaz Nawaz, and Abdullah S. Alhomida

10 Herbal Drugs: A New Hope for Huntingtons Disease 213
Jai Malik

11 Neuroprotective Properties of Dietary Polyphenols in Parkinsons Disease 243
Altaf S. Darvesh, McKenna McClure, Prabodh Sadana, Chris Paxos, Werner J. Geldenhuys, Joshua D. Lambert, Tariq M. Haqqi, and Jason R. Richardson

12 Potential of Polyphenols in the Treatment of Major Depression: Focus on Molecular Aspects 265
Ashish Dhir

13 Effect of Phytochemicals on Diabetes-Related Neurological Disorders 283
Abubakar Mohammed, Kanti Bhooshan Pandey, and Syed Ibrahim Rizvi

14 Neuroprotective Effects of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and its Components in Alzheimers Disease 299
Alaa H. Abuznait, Hisham Qosa, Loqman A. Mohamed, Yazan S. Batarseh, and Amal Kaddoumi

15 Protective Role of Black-Tea Extract in a Transgenic Drosophila Model of Parkinsons Disease 317
Yasir Hasan Siddique

16 Apitherapy: Therapeutic Effects of Propolis on Neurological Disorders 335
Tahira Farooqui and Akhlaq A. Farooqui

17 Molecular Mechanisms behind the Beneficial Activity of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Alzheimers Disease and Related Conditions 359
Undurti N. Das

18 Prevention of Neuroinflammation by Resveratrol: Focus on Experimental Models and Molecular Mechanisms 377
Justine Renaud and Maria-Grazia Martinoli

19 Modulation of the Estradiol and Neprilysin Pathways by Resveratrol in a Lipopolysaccharide Model of Cognitive Impairment 395
Nesrine S. El Sayed

20 Neuroprotective Effect of Resveratrol in Cerebral Ischemia 407
Ghosh Nilanjan, Ghosh Rituparna, Mandal C. Subhash, and Mahadeb Pal

21 Effects of Nobiletin in Animal Models of Cognitive Impairment: Current Insights and Future Perspectives 421
Akira Nakajima, Yasushi Ohizumi, and Kiyofumi Yamada

22 Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin against Dementia 435
Natascia Brondino, Laura Fusar-Poli, Cristina Panisi, and Pierluigi Politi

23 Neuroprotective Activity of Curcumin and Emblica officinalis Extract against Carbofuran-Induced Neurotoxicity in Wistar Rats 447
Ramadasan Kuttan and P.P. Binitha

24 Potential Use of Curcuminoids for the Treatment of Alzheimers Disease 463
Touqeer Ahmed, Sana Javed, Ameema Tariq, and Anwarul-Hassan Gilani

25 Prevention by Curcumin of Neuroinflammation in Intracerebral Hemorrhage 489
Yujie Chen and Hua Feng

26 Effect of Polyphenols on Protein Misfolding 501
Rona Banerjee

27 Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Neuroprotective Action of Phytochemicals 515
Aditya Sunkaria, Aarti Yadav, Sunil Kumar Sharma, and Rajat Sandhir

28 Nutraceuticals and Cognitive Dysfunction: Focus on Alzheimers Disease 561
Virginia Boccardi, Clara Tinarelli, and Patrizia Mecocci

29 Summary and Perspective 581
Tahira Farooqui and Akhlaq A. Farooqui

Index 595